Online lab #1 Unit 1
Onion specimen taken at 40x magnification.
Microscopes have been around for a long time. In fact the first compound microscope was in Middleburg, Holland in 1595 by a man named Zacharias Janssen. These first microscopes where a simple tube with two lenses with magnification ranging 3x to 9x. Later in 1665 a man named Robert Hooke improved the microscopes and was the first person to use the word cell to describe what he saw when looking at oak tree bark rough his microscope. Anton Leeuwenhoek built his own microscopes and some of his findings were from teeth scrapings and pond water which he discovered bacteria and protozoans. Later he also helped prove the blood circulation theory. Another form of the microscope called reflecting microscopes were introduced in 1692 by Isaac Newton, and barker made the first one in 1736. It wasn’t until the 19th century that great advances where made producing fine optical instruments.
The microscope gathers light from specimens and magnifies the image so that it can be seen in great detail. The microscope is composed of many different parts that all play an important role in viewing different specimens.
The stage is a flat platform where you pace your slide with specimen on it. The stage has a hole in the center that allows light to pass through. Stage clips hold the slide in place while you view the specimen. Some microscopes have two knobs for adjusting the slide, one for right and left movement and the other for top and bottom movement. This is used so that your specimen is centered over the hole in the stage. This adjustment can be made by hand if no knobs are provided. These adjustments should be done first while looking at the microscope not through it and with the stage at the farthest position form the objective lenses. Later these knobs can be used while looking through the microscope to make further alignment adjustments.The Objective lens gathers light from the specimen and magnifies it according to the magnification chosen. 
Microscopes have more than one objective lens which come in different magnifications, you should start with the lowest 4x with consideration that the eye piece is 10x. This objective lens and eye piece would be magnifying your specimen by 40x. Which is determined by multiplying the eye piece 10x by the objective lens you choose. When choosing your objective lens look at the microscope not through it and make sure the stage is still at lowest position so that it is not interfered when turning to the desired objective lens (magnification).
Microscopes have more than one objective lens which come in different magnifications, you should start with the lowest 4x with consideration that the eye piece is 10x. This objective lens and eye piece would be magnifying your specimen by 40x. Which is determined by multiplying the eye piece 10x by the objective lens you choose. When choosing your objective lens look at the microscope not through it and make sure the stage is still at lowest position so that it is not interfered when turning to the desired objective lens (magnification).The eye piece or oculars are located at the top of the microscope and are what you look through to see the specimen. 
The eye piece has a magnification of 10x, which further magnifies the specimen so that the details can be seen. After turning on the microscope the eye piece should be adjusted (if two are present). When looking through the two eye pieces the two circles should be moved so that they become one. This is done by moving the eye pieces closer or farther apart so that they fit your eyes. You should not rest your eyes on the eye pieces while doing this or at any other time.
The eye piece has a magnification of 10x, which further magnifies the specimen so that the details can be seen. After turning on the microscope the eye piece should be adjusted (if two are present). When looking through the two eye pieces the two circles should be moved so that they become one. This is done by moving the eye pieces closer or farther apart so that they fit your eyes. You should not rest your eyes on the eye pieces while doing this or at any other time.The focus knobs are used to find your image and if your image is blurry. While looking 
through the microscope use the course focus with low power objectives to bring specimen into focus. Then use the fine focus to sharpen the image. These knobs control the focus length which brings the specimen in and out of focus.
through the microscope use the course focus with low power objectives to bring specimen into focus. Then use the fine focus to sharpen the image. These knobs control the focus length which brings the specimen in and out of focus.The Iris is located under the stage and is a rotating disk. 
It is used to vary the intensity of light that is projected up through the hole in the stage into the slide. While looking at your specimen through the oculars the iris can be used to reduce or increase the amount of light being shown through.
It is used to vary the intensity of light that is projected up through the hole in the stage into the slide. While looking at your specimen through the oculars the iris can be used to reduce or increase the amount of light being shown through.The microscope has given us the ability to learn about our environment along with ourselves. If it wasn’t for microscopes we would not know about cells or their structure. We would not have the ability to know about our DNA and be given the chance to learn and find cures for defects in DNA, that cause many illnesses today. The microscope is an old invention that is very prominent today and always being improved.
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